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face transplant
A face transplant is a medical procedure to replace all or part of a person's face using tissue from a cadaver. The world's first partial face transplant on a living human was carried out in France in 2005. The world's first full face transplant was completed in Spain in 2010.〔 Turkey,〔http://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/206489--turkish-success-in-face-transplant〕 France, the United States and Spain (in order of total number of successful face transplants performed) are considered the leading countries in face transplant in the world.
==Beneficiaries of face transplant==
People with faces disfigured by trauma, burns, disease, or birth defects might aesthetically benefit from the procedure. Professor Peter Butler at the Royal Free Hospital first suggested this approach in treating people with facial disfigurement in a ''Lancet'' article in 2002.〔Face transplantation—fantasy or the future? Lancet 360:5–6; 2002.〕 This suggestion caused considerable debate at the time concerning the ethics of this procedure.〔
An alternative to a face transplant is facial reconstruction, which typically involves moving the patient's own skin from their back, buttocks, thighs, or chest to their face in a series of as many as 50 operations to regain even limited functionality, and a face that is often likened to a mask or a living quilt.
L. Scott Levin, M.D., FACS, Chair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, has described the procedure as "the single most important area of reconstructive research".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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